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Table 3 Perioperative hepcidin indicesa

From: Urine hepcidin has additive value in ruling out cardiopulmonary bypass-associated acute kidney injury: an observational cohort study

 

All patients

Excluding patients with preoperative CKD

Hepcidin index

No AKI ( n = 91)

AKI ( n = 9)

P value

No AKI ( n = 69)

AKI ( n = 5)

P value

Urine hepcidin/urine creatinine, ng/mg

      

   Baseline

308 (122 to 583)

120 (34 to 295)

0.07

309 (143 to 570)

164 (100 to 633)

0.6

   6 hours after CPB start

5,175 (2,086 to 9,539)

1,229 (314 to 2,379)

<0.001

5,402 (2,100 to 9,300)

1,400 (639 to 2,379)

0.009

   24 hours after CPB startb

3,255 (1,576 to 6,652)

1,345 (537 to 3,583)

0.07

3,143 (1,798 to 6,585)

1,345 (971 to 3,362)

0.06

Friedman test

<0.001

0.005

 

<0.001

0.11

 

Urine creatinine, mg/mL

      

   Baseline

1.14 (0.57 to 1.74)

0.92 (0.51 to 1.83)

0.52

1.28 (0.60 to 1.96)

1.66 (0.78 to 2.10)

0.71

   6 hours after CPB start

0.19 (0.10 to 0.28)

0.21 (0.10 to 0.30)

0.84

0.19 (0.11 to 0.28)

0.21 (0.12 to 0.30)

0.97

   24 hours after CPB startb

0.46 (0.24 to 0.71)

0.22 (0.12 to 0.29)

0.008

0.52 (0.29 to 0.73)

0.22 (0.18 to 0.37)

0.022

Friedman test

<0.001

0.03

 

<0.001

0.17

 

Urine/plasma hepcidin ratio

      

   Baseline

2.6 (1.2 to 4.9)

1.1 (0.2 to 5.6)

0.18

2.8 (1.2 to 4.8)

4.6 (1.6 to 8.4)

0.41

   6 hours after CPB start

3.1 (1.5 to 5.3)

1.0 (0.2 to 3.1)

0.047

3.6 (1.9 to 5.9)

3.0 (1.0 to 46.7)

0.59

   24 hours after CPB startb

6.9 (2.0 to 13.3)

1.2 (0.6 to 2.4)

0.011

8.2 (3.8 to 15.1)

2.3 (0.8 to 11.6)

0.11

Friedman test

<0.001

0.69

 

<0.001

0.74

 

Fractional hepcidin excretion, %

      

   Baseline

2.4 (1.5 to 4.1)

1.7 (0.7 to 2.5)

0.17

2.3 (1.5 to 2.9)

2.5 (1.8 to 4.7)

0.58

   6 hours after CPB start

22.1 (12.2 to 30.0)

8.3 (1.7 to 19.5)

0.005

22.0 (15.1 to 30.5)

16.3 (3.6 to 22.5)

0.19

   24 hours after CPB startb

14.7 (9.5 to 25.2)

8.1 (4.5 to 46.5)

0.35

15.3 (9.9 to 25.2)

8.1 (5.1 to 55.7)

0.6

Friedman test

<0.001

0.021

 

<0.001

0.47

 
  1. aAKI, acute kidney injury; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CPB; cardiopulmonary bypass. AKI is defined as Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-stage renal disease classification of AKI (RIFLE) class R or worse including serum creatinine increase and urine output decrease. Data are medians (25th to 75th percentiles) unless otherwise indicated. bValues at 24 hours after CPB start refer to 89 patients without AKI and 9 patients with AKI.