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Table 1 Levels of evidence for treatment effect

From: Systematic review: The use of diuretics and dopamine in acute renal failure: a systematic review of the evidence

Level I

Randomized trials with low false positive (α) and low false

 

negative (β) error (ie high power)

Level II

Randomized trials with high α error or low power

Level III

Non-randomized concurrent cohort studies

Level IV

Non-randomized historic cohort studies

Level V

Case series

  1. Adapted from Cook et al [2].
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Critical Care

ISSN: 1364-8535