Figure 4

In vivo reno-protection afforded by dexmedetomidine (Dex) vs renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)- TUNEL staining. Adult male mice were pretreated or post-treated with Dex alone or in combination with α₂ adrenoceptor antagonist, atipamazole (Atip) (1 nM) followed by clamping the bilateral renal pedicle for 25 minutes and the renoprotection of Dex was assessed with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end (TUNEL) staining. Representative microphotographs taken from a naïve control (A), Dex alone (B), IRI alone (C), pre-Dex treatment (25 μg/kg) +IRI (D), post-Dex treatment (25 μg/kg) + IRI (E) and Atip + pre-Dex+IRI (F). (G) Quantification of TUNEL positive cell counting following IRI in mice pretreated as above. Bar = 100 μm. Data are mean ± SD (n = 5 to 6). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs control. ++P < 0.01 vs IRI.