Table 1 Effects of mechanical ventilation on the kidney
Reference | Model/injury | Ventilation strategy | Plasma mediators | Renal endpoints |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Ranieri et al. 2000 [9] | ARDS patients | 11 ml/kg, PEEP 6 versus 8 ml/kg, PEEP 15 | IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8 | Renal failure according to Knaus [198] |
Choi et al. 2003 [18] | Healthy rats | 20 ml/kg versus 7 ml/kg | VEGF | Proteinuria, albuminuria, eNOS expression, microvascular leak |
Gurkan et al. 2003 [200] | Acid aspiration in mice | 17 ml/kg, PEEP 3 versus 6 ml/kg, PEEP 3 | Â | IL-6, VEGFR-2 expression |
Imai et al. 2003 [10] | Acid aspiration in rabbits | 15 to 17 ml/kg, PEEP 0 to 3 versus 5 to 7 ml/kg, PEEP 9 to 12 | MCP-1, IL-8, GRO, sFasL | Creatinine, apoptosis, histological changes with EM |
Crimi et al. 2006 [11] | Hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rats | 12 ml/kg, PEEP 0 versus 6 ml/kg, PEEP 5 | IL-6, MIP-2 | Creatinine, apoptosis |
Dhanireddy et al. 2006 [12] | Bacterial aspiration (S. aureus) in mice | Spontaneous breathing versus 10 ml/kg | IL-6, KC, MIP-2 | Creatinine |
O'Mahony et al. 2006 [13] | LPS i.p. in mice | Spontaneous breathing versus 10 ml/kg | IL-6, KC, MIP-2, TNF-α | Creatinine |
Kuiper et al. 2008 [15] | Healthy rats | 20 cmH2O, PEEP 2 versus 14 cmH2O PEEP 5 | Â | Decreased renal blood flow, increased renal ET-1 |
Vaschetto et al. 2008 [14] | LPS aspiration in rats | 15 ml/kg, PEEP 0 versus 6 ml/kg, PEEP 5 | IL-6, TNF-α | Kidney apoptosis. Decreased creatinine clearance |
Hegeman et al. 2009 [201] | Healthy mice | 20 cmH2O, PEEP 0 for 1, 2, 4 hours versus spontaneous breathing |  | Increased E-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, PECAM-1, IL-1β, KC mRNA expression. Increased MPO activity |
Kobr et al. 2009 [26] | Healthy piglets | 10 ml/kg versus 6 ml/kg versus spontaneous breathing | VCAM-1, ICAM-1 | Decreased creatinine clearance and free water clearance |