Acute kidney injury is an independent risk factor for pediatric intensive care unit mortality, longer length of stay and prolonged mechanical ventilation in critically ill children: a two-center retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Patient characteristics by AKI status and variable associations with AKI^a,b

	Mean (± SD), median or n(%)^e
Characteristics (N= 2,106)	AKI (n= 377)	Non-AKI (n= 1,729)	P value^c	AKI risk factors adjusted ORs (95% CI)^d
AKI risk factors
Age, years	5.0 (5.5), 2.2	6.0 (5.7), 4.0	0.002	0.99 (0.97 to 1.01)
PRISM score^f	7.9 (6.3), 7	4.8 (4.6), 4	< 0.001	1.10 (1.08 to 1.13)^g
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine	116 (30.8%)	620 (35.9%)	0.06	0.79 (0.61 to 1.02)
Female gender	161(42.7%)	757 (43.8%)	0.7	1.00 (0.79 to 1.27)
Mechanically ventilated	226 (60.0%)	747 (43.2%)	< 0.001	1.52 (1.18 to 1.94)^g
Measured bSCr	218 (57.8%)	757 (43.8%)	< 0.001	2.22 (1.72 to 2.86)^g
Postoperative (noncardiac)	102 (27.1%)	624 (36.1%)	0.001	0.68 (0.51 to 0.90)^g
Admission for trauma	15 (4.0%)	132 (7.6%)	0.01	0.59 (0.33 to 1.07)
Documented infection	39 (10.3%)	67 (3.9%)	< 0.001	1.92 (1.23 to 2.99)^g
Outcomes
Length of mechanical ventilation, days	5.4 (9.7), 1	2.2 (8.6), 0	< 0.001	Not applicable
PICU length of stay, days	9.7 (21.7), 3.1	4.6 (16.2), 2	< 0.001	Not applicable
PICU mortality	39 (10.3%)	30 (1.7%)	< 0.001	Not applicable

^aAKI = acute kidney injury; bSCr = baseline serum creatinine; I = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio; PICU = pediatric intensive care unit; PRISM = Pediatric Risk of Mortality; SD = standard deviation;
^bAKI was defined according to the traditional Acute Kidney Injury Network staging system by using the lowest SCr level in the previous three months or age- and gender-based normative values as bSCr. Patients with no SCr data available were assumed not to have developed AKI; ^cP values are based on the univariate comparison test performed between AKI and non-AKI groups; ^dadjusted ORs were calculated based on multiple logistic regression analysis to evaluate independent risk factors for AKI; ^en (%) data represent the column percentage (for example, proportion of AKI patients who were female and proportion of AKI patients who were treated at Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine); ^fonly 2,085 patients had PRISM scores available; ^gstatistically significant (P < 0.05) ORs represent independent AKI risk factors.

ISSN: 1364-8535