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Table 1 Insurance category and covariates of interest, 18 to 64 years old

From: Insurance type and sepsis-associated hospitalizations and sepsis-associated mortality among US adults: A retrospective cohort study

 

Medicaid

Medicare

Medicaid + Medicare

Uninsured

Private insurance

Admissions, 103 (%)

3,920.6 (23.6%)

1,673.9 (10.1%)

537.0 (3.2%)

1,206.5 (7.3%)

9,260.6 (55.8%)

Age, Mean (95% C.I.)

35.5 (35.2 to 35.9)

51.2 (50.9 to 51.6)

48.5 (48.2 to 48.8)

39.3 (39.1 to 39.5)

42.2 (42.0 to 42.5)

Female, 103 (% of admissions)

2,975.5 (76.1%)

810.2 (48.5%)

292.4 (54.5%)

586.6 (48.3%)

6,187.8 (67.1%)

Race, 103 (% of admissions)

White

1,246.8 (31.8%)

792.2 (47.3%)

226.7 (42.2%)

486.6 (39.9%)

4,678.4 (51.5%)

Black

735.3 (18.8%)

263.8 (15.8%)

108.8 (20.3%)

196.7 (16.2%)

775.2 (8.4%)

Hispanic

812.9 (20.7%)

111.9 (6.7%)

35.7 (6.7%)

180.1 (14.8%)

635.2 (6.9%)

Asian or Pacific Islander

73.7 (1.9%)

15.1 (0.9%)

1.7 (0.3%)

17.1 (1.4%)

202.2 (2.2%)

Native American

9.6 (0.2%)

2.6 (0.2%)

1.1 (0.2%)

3.1 (0.3%)

13.9 (0.2%)

Other

112.9 (2.9%)

20.8 (1.2%)

8.7 (1.6%)

48.5 (4.0%)

202.5 (2.2%)

Missing

929.2 (23.7%)

467.5 (27.9%)

154.3 (28.7%)

286.1 (23.5%)

2,663.2 (28.8%)

Quartile of median annual household income by zip code, 103 (% of admissions)

<$36,000

1,681.4 (43.9%)

553.4 (34.1%)

225.0 (43.0%)

407.0 (34.8%)

1,684.0 (18.6%)

$36,000 to <$45,000

1,084.6 (28.3%)

470.7 (29.0%)

142.1 (27.2%)

352.1 (30.1%)

2,176.6 (24.0%)

$45,000 to <$60,000

733.3 (19.1%)

360.0 (22.2%)

102.7 (19.6%)

258.5 (22.1%)

2,549.3 (28.1%)

≥$60,000

332.4 (8.7%)

239.4 (14.7%)

53.1 (10.2%)

152.7 (13.1%)

2,666.5 (29.4%)

Sepsis-associated conditions, 103 (% of admissions)

Chronic liver disease

81.8 (2.1%)

48.5 (2.9%)

14.9 (2.8%)

26.4 (2.2%)

90.5 (1.0%)

Hematologic malignancy

28.5 (0.7%)

21.0 (1.3%)

4.4 (0.8%)

5.9 (1.1%)

105.0 (0.5%)

Non-hematologic malignancy

129.5 (3.3%)

77.1 (4.6%)

18.3 (3.4%)

31.5 (2.6%)

522.5 (5.6%)

End-stage renal disease

17.5 (0.4%)

44.4 (2.7%)

12.8 (2.4%)

2.6 (0.3%)

24.1 (0.2%)

HIV

59.7 (1.5%)

27.5 (1.6%)

10.5 (2.0%)

11.0 (0.9%)

24.3 (0.3%)

Alcohol dependence

134.1 (3.4%)

53.6 (3.2%)

18.6 (3.5%)

87.1 (7.2%)

165.0 (1.8%)

Organ transplantation

13.4 (0.3%)

67.2 (4.0%)

11.5 (2.1%)

1.4 (0.1%)

51.6 (0.6%)

Infection due to device

9.2 (0.2%)

14.0 (0.8%)

4.0 (0.8%)

1.7 (0.1%)

22.7 (0.2%)

Red blood cell transfusion

130.3 (3.3%)

93.6 (5.6%)

30.1 (5.6%)

41.2 (3.4%)

304.3 (3.3%)

Co-morbidity index (Charlson-Deyo) categories, 103 (% of admissions)

0 points

2,650.5 (67.6%)

588.4 (35.1%)

198.5 (37.0%)

818.2 (69.5%)

6,439.0 (67.2%)

1 point

631.0 (16.1%)

451.4 (27.0%)

148.0 (27.6%)

248.4 (16.3%)

1,508.2 (20.4%)

2 to 8 points

616.8 (15.7%)

617.5 (36.9%)

186.1 (34.6%)

147.3 (13.6%)

1,259.9 (12.1%)

9 or more points

22.3 (0.6%)

16.6 (1.0%)

4.5 (0.8%)

4.3 (0.6%)

53.5 (0.4%)

Sepsis-associated admissions, 103

Sepsis (% of admissions)

75.3 (1.9%)

76.2 (4.6%)

25.0 (4.6%)

18.8 (1.5%)

127.3 (1.4%)

Severe sepsis (% of sepsis admissions)

41.0 (54.5%)

47.3 (62.1%)

15.5 (62.0%)

9.2 (48.8%)

58.1 (45.6%)

Septic shock (% of sepsis admissions)

10.6 (14.1%)

11.1 (14.6%)

3.4 (13.8%)

2.7 (14.6%)

17.7 (13.9%)

  1. The study cohort was divided into age strata based on age qualification for Medicare. Insurance categories were determined based on primary and secondary payers identified by the data source (see Methods). Numbers represent totals from the full weighted sample and are presented as factors of 103. Percentages are based on insurance category by age stratum (unless otherwise indicated). Categorization of co-morbidity index was based upon preliminary analyses examining best fit with odds of sepsis. Severe sepsis and septic shock was categorized as a sepsis-associated admission with ICD-9 codes for any organ failure or for shock, respectively.