Table 1 Risk factors of ICU death
Variables | Survivors (n = 136) | Deaths (n = 87) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Male sex | 105 (77) | 69 (79) | 0.86 | |
Age | 66 (52 to 76) | 70 (57 to 77) | 0.04 | |
Category at admission | Medical | 90 (66) | 62 (71) | 0.49 |
Emergency surgery | 25 (18) | 17 (19) | 0.76 | |
Scheduled surgery | 21 (15) | 8 (9) | 0.20 | |
Severity score at admission | LOD | 6 (4 to 8) | 7 (5 to 10) | 0.04 |
SAPS II | 45 (36 to 53) | 54 (42 to 66) | 0.0001 | |
SOFA | 8 (6 to 10) | 9 (6 to 11) | 0.03 | |
Duration of ICU stay before VAP | 10 (6 to 18) | 9 (5 to 18) | 0.13 | |
Duration of stay | ICU | 32 (20 to 50) | 26(14 to 41) | 0.19 |
Hospital | 57 (42 to 84) | 30 (19 to 59) | <0.0001 | |
Main diagnosis at admission | Septic shock | 25 (18) | 18 (21) | 0.74 |
Multiple organ failure | 6 (4) | 6 (7) | 0.26 | |
Cardiac failure | 5 (4) | 2 (2) | 0.53 | |
Acute respiratory failure | 47 (35) | 27 (31) | 0.59 | |
COPD exacerbation | 9 (7) | 5 (6) | 0.96 | |
Acute renal failure | 3 (2) | 2 (2) | 0.90 | |
Scheduled surgery | 9 (7) | 1 (1) | 0.08 | |
Chronic illness | Cardiovascular | 16 (12) | 19 (22) | 0.03 |
Pulmonary | 31 (23) | 22 (25) | 0.58 | |
Renal | 6 (4) | 4 (5) | 0.90 | |
Hepatic | 6 (4) | 7 (8) | 0.29 | |
Diabetes | 20 (15) | 9 (10) | 0.73 | |
At least one chronic illness | 59 (43) | 51 (59) | 0.02 | |
Treatment at admission | Vasopressors | 84 (62) | 59 (68) | 0.30 |
Steroids | 39 (29) | 35 (40) | 0.05 | |
Broad-spectrum antimicrobials | 88 (65) | 58 (67) | 0.45 | |
Hemodialysis/hemofiltration | 14 (10) | 8 (9) | 0.91 | |
Polymicrobial VAP | 34 (25) | 29 (33) | 0.27 | |
SOFA score at VAP onset | 5 (3 to 7) | 7 (4 to 9) | 0,0004 | |
Adequate antimicrobial treatment* | J 0 | 53 (39) | 34 (39) | 0.42 |
J+1 | 41 (30) | 25 (29) | 0.66 | |
J+2 | 32 (23) | 19 (22) | 0.40 | |
Antimicrobials | Monotherapy | 15 (12) | 17 (22) | 0.12 |
Bi or Tri antibiotic therapy | 111 (82) | 61 (70) | 0.11 | |