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Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

From: The prognostic value of markers of right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis

Author

Study design

Patients, n

Delay

Primary outcome

SAE definition

Follow-up

Mortality, %

RVD definition

RVD, %

HI, n

Thrombolysis, n (%)

Age, years

Male, %

CHF, %

COPD, %

TTE

               

Grifoni, et al. [7]

Prosp

162

(209a )

<1 hour

Death

Clinical worsening, death

Hospital

4

1 in A1, A2, B, G, H1

40

0

(47 excluded)

10

(5%)

65 ± 15

40

14

25

Kostrubiec, et al. [8]

Prosp

98

<24 hours

Death

Death, vasopressor, thrombolysis, CPR

40 days

13

A9 + C or

G + H1

60

0

5

(5%)

63 ± 18

38

17

7

Pieralli, et al. [9]

Prosp

61

<1 hour

Death

Death, PE recurrence, HI

Hospital

6.5

1 in A1, A2, B, C, G, H2

57

0

6

(10%)

75 ± 14

26

0

10

Jimenez, et al. [10]

Prosp

214

<48 hours

Death

Not studied

30 days

3

1 in A1, A2,C,F

40

0

NA

NA

49

11.7

13

Logeart, et al. [11]

Prosp

67

<19 hours

Death

Death, thrombolysis, HI

Hospital

1.5

2 in A3, B, C, D2, F

54

0

6

(9%)

64

60

0

NA

Zhu, et al. [12]

Prosp

468

(520a )

NA

SAE

Death, thrombolysis, CPR, MV, embolectomy

14 days

1

2 in : A2 or A6, C, D3, F

42

0

(52 excluded)

NA

57 ± 14

62

NA

8

Gallota, et al. [13]

Prosp

90

<1 hour

SAE

Death, HI

Hospital

13

1 in A5, B

72

0

NA

67 ± 18

28

44

11

Palmieri, et al. [14]

Prosp

89

Admission

SAE

Death, HI

Hospital

13.5

A4 + B + C

54

0

NA

63 ± 15

27

NA

10

Spiral CT

               

van der Meer, et al. [15]

Retro

120

NA

Death (PE)

Not studied

3 months

15

dRV/dLV >1

57.5

0

0

59 ± 18

46

NA

NA

Moroni [16]

Retro

226

NA

Death

Not studied

3 months

10.6

dRV/dLV >1

35

0

0

67 ± 17

50

14

6.5

Stein, et al. [17]

Retro

157

NA

Death

Not studied

30 days

2.5

dRV/dLV >1

50

0

2

(1.3%)

56 ± 17

41

0

0

NT-proBNP

               

Kostrubiec, et al. [8]

Prosp

100

Admission

Death

Death, thrombolysis, CPR, embolectomy, vasopressors

40 days

15

>600 pg/mL

39

0

5

62 ± 18

35

17

7

Pruszczyk, et al. [18]

Prosp

70

Admission

Death

Death, thrombolysis, CPR, embolectomy, vasopressors

Hospital

15.7

NA

83.5

0

(9 excluded)

8

63 ± 17

37

NA

NA

Vuilleumier, et al. [21]

Prosp

146

Admission

Death

-

3 months

3.4

300 pg/mL

60

0

0

NA

42

NA

5

BNP

               

Pieralli, et al. [9]

Prosp

61

Admission

(<1 hour)

Death

Death, HI, PE recurrence

Hospital

6.5

>100 pg/mL

70

0

6

75 ± 14

26

Excluded

10

Logeart, et al. [11]

Prosp

67

Admission

Death

Death, thrombolysis, CPR, vasopressors

Hospital

1.5

>527 pg/mL

67

0

6

64 ± 16

60

Excluded

NA

ten Wolde, et al. [19]

Prosp

110

Admission

Death

Not studied

3 months

8.2

>21.7 pmol/L

33

0

NA

58 ± 18

NA

NA

NA

Tulevski, et al. [20]

Prosp

28

Admission

(<1 hour)

Death

Not studied

90 days

7.1

>10 pmol/L

50

0

NA

53 ± 18

43

Excluded

0

  1. aBefore exclusion of patients with high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE). Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) definition: (A1) end diastolic right ventricular diameter (EDRVD) of greater than 30 mm; (A2) EDRVD/left ventricular diameter (LVD) of greater than 1 in four-chamber view; (A3) EDRVD/LVD of greater than 0.7 in four-chamber view; (A4) EDRVD/LVD of greater than 0.9 in four-chamber view; (A5) EDRVD of greater than 15 mm/m2 body surface area (BSA); (A6) EDRVD/LVD of greater than 0.6 in four-chamber view; (A7) EDRVD of greater than 4.5 cm in four-chamber view; (A8) right ventricular end diastolic area (RVEDA) greater than left ventricular area (LVA) in four-chamber view; (A9) EDRVD/LVD of greater than 0.6 parasternal long axis; (B) paradoxal septal motion; (C) right ventricular free wall hypokinesia; (D1) tricuspid valve regurgitation (jet velocity of greater than 2.5 m/s); (D2) tricuspid valve regurgitation (jet velocity of greater than 2.7 m/s); (D3) tricuspid valve regurgitation (jet velocity of greater than 2.8 m/s); (E) thrombi in right chambers; (F) loss of inspiratory collapse of the inferior vena cava; (G) tricuspid valve pressure gradient (TVPG) of greater than 30 mm Hg; (H1) Doppler pulmonary acceleration time of less than 80 ms; (H2) Doppler pulmonary acceleration time of less than 90 ms; (I) right pulmonary artery dilatation of greater than 12 mm/m2 BSA. CHF, chronic heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; d, diameter; HI, hemodynamic instability; hospital, in-hospital follow-up; LV, left ventricle; MV, mechanical ventilation; NA, not applicable; prosp, prospective; retro, retrospective; RV, right ventricle; SAE, serious adverse event; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography.