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Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics and laboratory findings among three groups

From: Effect of erythropoietin on level of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and outcome in patients after acute ischemic stroke

Variables

Group 1 (n= 83)†

Group 2 (n= 84)†

Healthy Control (n= 60)

P-value*

Age (y) (mean ± SD),

63.7 ± 11.4

67.0 ± 11.1

64.1 ± 6.0

0.078

Male, % (n)

65.1% (54)

66.7% (56)

65.0% (39)

0.969

Hypertension, % (n)

63.9% (53)

73.8% (62)

--

0.165

Diabetes mellitus, % (n)

37.4% (31)

32.1% (27)

--

0.480

Current smoking, % (n)

36.1% (30)

273.4% (23)

--

0.224

Previous stroke by history, % (n)

24.1% (20)

21.4% (18)

--

0.681

Previous stroke by MRI, % (n)

62.7% (52)

57.1% (48)

--

0.468

Old myocardial infarction, % (n)

8.4% (7)

6.0% (5)

--

0.549

RBC count (×106/μL)

4.74 ± 0.67

4.68 ± 0.68

4.81 ± 0.64

0.561

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

14.0 ± 2.0

14.1 ± 1.8

14.05 ± 1.56

0.963

Hematocrit (%)

41.3 ± 5.9

41.4 ± 6.0

40.9 ± 6.1

0.877

WBC count (×103/μL)

7.82 ± 2.38a

7.83 ± 2.37a

5.91 ± 1.84b

<0.0001

Circulating level of EPCs at 48 h

    

   CD31/CD34 (%)

1.65 ± 0.91a

1.75 ± 1.03a

1.13 ± 0.74b

0.0003

   CD62E/CD34 (%)

1.21 ± 0.86a

1.16 ± 0.76a

0.93 ± 0.83b

0.025

   KDR/CD34 (%)

1.34 ± 0.77a

1.37 ± 0.89a

1.03 ± 0.79b

0.03

Total cholesterol level (mg/dL)

186.6 ± 41.2

190.1 ± 42.7

193.2 ± 36.4

0.621

HDL (mg/dL)

44.6 ± 10.8a

49.2 ± 17.3a

53.8 ± 14.8b

0.001

LDL (mg/dL)

116.2 ± 35.7

115.2 ± 39.4

117.2 ± 30.9

0.949

Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.00 ± 0.38

1.02 ± 0.43

1.01 ± 0.24

0.915

BMI (kg/m2)

25.1 ± 3.5

24.2 ± 3.9

24.7 ± 3.1

0.225

HbA1C level, %

6.73 ± 1.85

6.96 ± 1.88

--

0.468

SBP (mm Hg)

144 ± 20a

143 ± 21a

136 ± 18b

0.031

DBP (mm Hg)

83 ± 12

84 ± 11

85 ± 11

0.231

Significant ECCA stenosis, % (n)

24.1% (20)

17.9%% (15)

--

0.322

Statin therapy

43.4% (36)

45.2% (38)

--

0.808

ACEI/ARB therapy

39.8% (33)

38.1% (32)

--

0.826

EPO therapy-related adverse events

    

   Allergy

0% (0)

0% (0)

 

--

   Polycythemia

0% (0)

0% (0)

 

--

   Thrombosis event

0% (0)

0% (0)

 

--

  1. *: by Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for categorical data; by t-test or one-way ANOVA for continuous data.
  2. Letters (a, b) indicate significant difference (at 0.05 level) by Tukey multiple comparison procedure.
  3. †: group 1, with EPO treatment; group 2, without EPO treatment.
  4. Data are expressed as mean ± SD or % (No.) of patients.
  5. ACEI/ARB, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II type I receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ECCA, extra-cranial carotid artery; EPC, endothelial progenitor cell; EPO, erythropoietin; HbA1C, hemoglobin A1C; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; SBP, systolic blood pressure; RBC, red blood cell; WBC, white blood cell.